耐1500℃超高温轻质高效隔热材料的制备及性能的初步表征

针对新型高速飞行器对超高温热防护材料的需求,以超细直径耐高温陶瓷纤维和高温粘结剂为主要原料,通过纤维短切-湿法成型-高温热处理等工序制备了轻质高效隔热材料。对高温隔热材料的微观结构、热物理性能及力学性能进行了表征和分析。结果表明:短切纤维在隔热材料内部无序排列,形成了三维网络结构,具有较高的孔隙率,而且纤维与纤维搭接处具有良好的节点,因而材料具有一定的力学性能。材料在1500℃/h处理后,线收缩2%,密度为0.35g/cm3的隔热材料厚度方向压缩强度1MPa,室温热导率0.07 W/m·K。     

高强度聚氨酯硬质泡沫制备技术的发展现状与展望

讨论了影响聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料强度的重要因素,并介绍了聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料的增强技术,重点综述了混杂增强和纳米增强的研究进展。     

Untersuchung von Schlosssprengungen an ausgeführten Ufereinfassungen mit kombinierten Spundwänden

Interlock failure of combined sheet pile walls In addition to multiple combinations of king piles and intermediate sheet piles the installation method of combined sheet pile walls can differ as well. The installation has to adapt to the boundary conditions of the construction work considering soil conditions, profile and interlock system, interlock protection, driving equipment, driving assistance etc. Despite the established construction of combined sheet pile walls interlock failure occurs. In this paper, the installation aspects of combined sheet pile walls in northern Europe are compiled and analyzed for the occurrence of interlock failure.     

Ersatzneubau der Kajen im Marinestützpunkt Wilhelmshaven

Replacement construction of quays at the naval base in Wilhelmshaven At the naval base of Wilhelmshaven the quay walls and dolphins of a floating bridge system are being renewed. The existing quays show extensive damage and stability deficits. In particular, microbially induced corrosion (MIC) on the back of the old sheet piling lead to rust corrosion of the old sheet pile walls. Content of the report is the conceptual and structural implementation of the measure quay renewal that has been executed since the beginning of 2013. Special attention is paid to the security of the stock during the construction period, the selected corrosion protection measures as well as the requirements for the installation of combined sheet piling.     

Prediction of nonlinear vertical settlement of a pile group consisting of new and existing displacement piles in clay strata

Reusing existing displacement piles is economical, time-saving, and environment-friendly. This paper presents an analytical approach for predicting the load carrying behavior of pile groups consisting of new and existing displacement piles. The evolutions of the undrained shear strength and shear modulus of clay adjacent to the piles from installation through consolidation to long-term ageing are investigated to determine the load carrying behavior of displacement piles. The nonlinear load-settlement behavior of an individual pile is modelled by load-transfer method, where the exponential function-based load-transfer models integrating the two developed soil parameters are employed to represent the nonlinear behavior at the pile-soil interface. The pile-pile interaction in the pile group is explored based on the shear displacement method. Combining the load-transfer method and the shear displacement method, an analytical framework is proposed for predicting the load-settlement behavior of pile groups consisting of new and existing piles. The proposed framework is validated by predicting the vertical settlement of a high-rise apartment built on a pile group consisting of 74 new displacement piles and 22 existing displacement piles during construction. Good agreement is achieved between the predicted and measured results. A parametric study is performed to explore the stiffness efficiency and the load-settlement behavior of pile groups with different layouts of new and existing piles. The results indicate that the pile group with larger ratio of the number of existing piles to the number of total piles shows both stronger stiffness and a higher load carrying capacity.     

刚壁气承轴心受压杆件的受力性能分析

为在受压杆件中充分利用材料的抗拉强度,提出一种新形式的杆件--刚壁气承轴心受压杆件,介绍杆件的结构形式,该杆件的主要特点为：杆件的轴心压力完全由内部高压气囊承受,约束刚壁不受压应力,稳定性好,承载力可调节。推导刚壁气承轴心受压杆件的承载力公式,并与薄壁圆管进行比较,表明刚壁气承轴心受压杆件具有很好的承载力,当长细比较大时,优势更加明显。以穹顶和射电望远镜结构为例,探讨刚壁气承轴心受压杆件在超大跨度结构和超高精度结构中的应用前景,结果表明：应用刚壁气承轴心受压杆件可以大幅度地降低结构自重,对于超高精度结构来说,还可通过对杆件充气或放气来主动调节杆件的承载力,随时补偿精度的损失,具有很好的应用前景与现实需求。     

考虑遮拦-加筋效应的刚性承台群桩非线性分析

文章介绍竖向受荷单桩非线性分析方法,双桩分析时,在前人工作基础上推导了分层土中被动桩遮拦-加筋效应的矩阵表达式,并结合叠加算法建立考虑遮拦-加筋效应的群桩非线性分析方法,对群桩刚度及桩身附加轴力进行分析,较好地解决了线弹性分析方法高估群桩相互作用的问题。最后通过已发表的刚性承台群桩算例验证文章方法的合理性。     

桩-红黏土接触面温控测试及应力-应变关系研究

在对能量桩承载特性进行设计与计算时,能量桩桩-土接触面力学特性十分重要;已有桩-土接触面力学特性研究中考虑温度效应的仍相对较少。采用重庆地区重塑红黏土,通过室内温控直剪试验测试其桩-土接触面力学特性,并与土体本身直剪强度特性进行对比;基于能量耗散原理推导的桩-土接触面模型,分析红黏土温度效应试验结果,归纳形成两个温度因子?1、?2,建立考虑温度效应的桩-红黏土接触面模型。通过新模型模拟结果与实测值的对比,验证文中所建立的桩-红黏土接触面温度效应模型的准确性和可靠性。研究结果表明,文中试验条件下,温度升高,桩-红黏土接触面的剪切强度略有增大;桩-红黏土接触面温度效应模型可以较好地模拟不同法向应力下的接触面应力-应变曲线,并且可以在一定程度上反映温度对接触面力学特性的影响。     

砂土中扩底应力对深埋扩底抗拔桩承载力的影响

采用极限平衡法计算深埋扩底抗拔桩的承载力,需要确定破坏面的形状参数和应力条件。针对已有模型试验的研究结果,结合不同桩长扩底抗拔桩统一破坏模式,对上述问题进行了初步探讨。基于应力莫尔圆研究认为,仅考虑自重应力条件得到的破坏面法向应力明显小于扩底附近的实际破坏面应力条件,导致破坏面影响高度计算结果偏大。基于模型试验的试验结果,对扩底应力的增强系数进行了反算,该值在1.3到2.7之间,比被动土压力系数3.4要小,对扩底角度变化不敏感。只是初步的机理探讨,考虑到深埋扩底桩的埋深影响,该问题值得进一步深入研究。     

基于静力触探试验的基坑开挖卸荷单桩水平承载力损失预测研究

选取典型成层地基场地并设计试坑开挖卸荷试验,开展了基于静力触探(CPT)测试的基坑开挖卸荷单桩水平承载力损失程度预测研究。通过在试坑开挖卸荷前后进行CPT原位测试,得到了试坑开挖卸荷前后的CPT贯入锥尖参数变化规律。进而基于CPT测试p–y模型研究了基坑开挖卸荷前后邻近既有单桩的水平承载力损失及桩身弯矩分布特征。分别考察了基坑开挖卸荷后邻近桩基试桩加载模式下的残余水平承载力和桩顶加载联合土体位移共同作用下的卸荷桩基水平承载特性。研究表明,依据真实卸荷土体CPT参数更能准确预测桩基水平承载力损失程度及损失特征,卸荷桩设计阶段须同时考虑卸荷桩较自由场地桩基的水平承载力损失及土体运动位移对桩基水平承载的影响。以上研究为合理确定基坑开挖引起的既有桩基水平承载力损失提供了一种技术思路,同时对卸荷桩水平承载性能评价具有参考意义。